 |
Powered by reason, driven by passionINTERNATIONAL LIBERTY NEWS NETWORKThe Forces International News Portal |
Please become a member 
FORCES is supported solely |
| Forces Home | Multimedia | Library | News | Scientific Evidence | Columnists | Archive | Links | Podcasts |
| 02nd September 2010. |
You are currently inside theConfoundersarea of the Scientific Evidence Portal
Confounders Scientific Evidence ListingConfounders are the Achilles’ heel of multifactorial epidemiology as, in the course of natural life, diseases stem from a vast multiplicity of known (or most often just suspected) factors that may interact in an astronomical number of ways. Differently from monofactorial diseases such as polio or tuberculosis, therefore, it becomes impossible to establish causality with any certainly. Yet, for smoking and other lifestyles, the opinions and guesses of people who cannot disentangle the interaction of confounders with any reliability are presented as hard scientific proof and without doubt. That is when ideologies, beliefs and superstitions pollute science and public health policies. Differences in lifestyle risk factors between smokers, non-smokers and passive smokers. A review of evidence from three studies and a comparison with some of the published literature | J. Hamling, P.N. Lee Article Published: 1997/04/15 Details: Type: Meta-Analysis Published By: PN Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd Keywords: confounders, alcohol, smoking, ETS, passive, alcohol, Hamling, Lee Further Information The role of Chlamydia Pneumoniae and Helicobacter Pylori in the causality of “tobacco-related” diseases | Bibliography Article Published: 2008 Details: Type: Bibliography Keywords: confounders, chlamydia, pneumoniae, helicoboacter, pylori Further Information Diet as a potential major confounder of the relationship between ETS exposure and lung cancer risk in non-smokers | P. N. Lee Article Published: 1994/02/21 Details: Type: Meta-Analysis Keywords: confounders, diet, Lee, ETS, passive, smoking Further Information Cotinine as a marker of exposure to lifestyle risk factors other than smoking | Jan Hamling, Peter N Lee, John S Fry Article Published: 1998 Details: Type: Meta-Analysis Keywords: ETS, passive, smoking, cotinine, exposure, Hamling, Lee, Fry Further Information Some risks factors for lung cancer independent of cigarette smoking | Article Published: 1995 Details: Keywords: lung, cancer, confounders Further Information Relevance of nicotine content of common vegetables to the identification of passive tobacco smokers | E.F. Domino, E. Hombach, T. Demana Article Published: 1993 Details: Type: Experimental and Technical Funding Source: Research supported by NIDA Grant 1 RO1 DA 07226 Significance: No Risk Estimate Reported Published By: Med. sci. Res. 1993; 21, 571-572 Keywords: confounders, nicotine, vegetables, ETS, passive, smoking, non smokers, Domino, Hombach, Demana Further Information How Much Cancer Can EPA Regulate Away? | Michael Gough Article Published: 1990 Details: Type: Articles and Dissertations Published By: Risk Analysis, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1990 Keywords: cancer, EPA, regulation, Gough Further Information A survey of 246 Suggested Coronary Risk Factors | Paul N. Hopkins, Roger R. Williams Article Published: 1981 Details: Type: Articles and Dissertations Published By: Atherosclerosis, 40 (1981) 1-52 Keywords: coronary, HD, heart, disease, confounders, Hopkins, Williams Further Information Showing results 1 to 8 of 8 |
NEWInteractive Dictionary Double click on any word on any of the pages in the Forces Library for an instant popup definition Translate Page |
|
