FORCES International - ...And they call this "science"! - THE QUESTIONNAIRES OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FRAUD

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The Evidence

The scientific Archive that debunks 50 years of superstitions on smoking

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Passive smoke: here is the list of all the studies updated to 2006: no dangers	*... And they call this* science!** THE QUESTIONNAIRES OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FRAUD	The long list of the methodological errors in the junk science of passive smoke
The US Federal Court decision on the EPA fraud on passive smoke		Downloadable list of all base studies on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, including financing sources

Related links
PROLOGUE	The long list of methodological errors in the junk science of passive smoke	The questionnaires of the epidemiological fraud	Downloadable list of all base studies on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, including financing sources

Educate everyone! Download the questionnaire in PDF format and give it to your family, relatives, friends and acquaintances... to everyone, that is, who is convinced that the smoker hurts the nonsmoker with his passive smoke because the health authorities say that science has demonstrated it. Show them what kind of "science" laws that ban smoking in "public" places are based on - and what passes for credibility in public health today.

Jump to preface || Jump to contextual observations || Jump directly to the questionnaire

You must believe smoking kills. You must believe that passive smoke kills as well. This is the imperative - no matter the cost, no matter the means, fraud, intimidation or fear - even if it takes to stifle scientific inquiry. Journalists and newspapers giving voice to those who denounce the Great Fraud perpetrated by international "Public Health" must be admonished, intimidated or silenced. It must be proclaimed that "science" says that smoking - even passive smoke - kills. You must never debate with those who can demonstrate otherwise. You must accept, submit - and obey.

This document, published by FORCES, repudiates the anti-tobacco orthodoxy by exposing the cruel joke foisted on the entire world by the anti-tobacco establishment. Reproduced herein is the questionnaire devised by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, agency of the World Health Organization, to fabricate "studies" on passive smoke. This questionnaire is at the base of the Multicenter Case–Control Study of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer in Europe of 1998 which, by the way, turned out to be negative on the "dangers" of passive smoke. This questionnaire represents the typical model (perhaps the best one) on which ALL the studies that fabricate risk and statistical death from ETS are based.

Understandable to all because IT IS NOT SCIENCE, the questionnaire merely records vague memories, then converts them into numbers with intimidating mathematical formulas that are not necessary to understand because the data entered are, you shall see, unquantifiable statistical trash. Peruse it yourself after first reading the preface and the contextual observations - to better appreciate the incompetence and the lack of professional ethics of the world "health authorities" when they proclaim that secondhand smoke "poisons others." More than any other scientific discussion or discourse on freedom or the economy, this document should open our eyes because it is self-explanatory. Note well that the very similar methodology is used for the production of a great number of other health scares diverting billions of public dollars to devising and enforcing restrictions, useless laws and regulations. We should ask ourselves what are the consequences when the political forces turn the other way as this fraudulent "science" is exposed.

PREFACE

The divisiveness instigated between nonsmokers and smokers comes from the fear of being hurt by the "emissions" of the smoker. This fear has its basis in years of relentless campaigns and in the words of authorities stating that scientific studies have demonstrated that passive smoke damages the health of the nonsmoker. We all have heard of the trite "mountain of evidence" against passive smoke now and then. Well, here it is: hundreds of studies done with the same (or worse) methodology as this. In reality, the world public is the victim of one of the greatest statistical frauds that ever existed, a methodological fraud where insignificant results are falsely represented by the health authorities as if they were scientific proof. The enormous social cost of this fraud can be easily quantified by public budgets, loss of profits by industries and businesses and, most importantly, the negative consequential for employment and productivity.

To defeat this fraud in a society that, unfortunately, considers the perception of physical health to be of far greater value than personal freedom, it is important to demonstrate inarguably that the dangers anti-smoking campaigns tout are baseless, and to educate the public on how such fraud is endorsed and perpetrated at the highest level of authority.

One very important thing to notice is that the studies and the questionnaire simply talk about exposure to passive smoke, but not about the far more important question concerning the REAL DOSE of passive smoke the subjects of the studies have inhaled. It is clear that the dose is the real factor to be used for a reliable analysis of possible risks. Now try to imagine how impossible it is to measure the dose when the exposure itself is simply an illusory conjecture!

When we hear about scientific studies, people imagine scientists at work; dissecting cells, handling test tubes and peering into microscopes while following the rigorous discipline of science to arrive at the most true and objective results possible. Nothing is falser for what passes as science concerning passive smoke. Happy reading and bitter laughing!

CONTEXTUAL OBSERVATIONS

Before reading this questionnaire it is necessary to put briefly the document into context. The questions are asked to nonsmokers with lung cancer (cases) or to their offspring and relatives. The same questions are asked to a comparison group of nonsmokers (controls) who do not have lung cancer.

It takes very little imagination to understand that:

Those affected by lung cancer know that their survival chances are few, and that the life that remains is usually short. It is only human that they try to find a reason to explain the disease. During the past 10-15 years, armed with huge amount of misinformation on smoking, doctors and patients have a ready-made diagnosis: if the patient smoked or was exposed to tobacco smoke, then smoking is the cause. People affected by lung cancer, therefore, have the natural tendency to inflate the memories of their exposure. With such a mental posture, there is an irreparable basic flaw from the statistical point of view: the absence of objectivity.

The same applies when offspring and relatives are interviewed, often years after the death of the patient. If the emotional ties with the diseased were strong, the need for an explanation that "makes sense" (and the search for a scapegoat) is also very strong. Once again, this makes the answers to the questions unreliable.

Social stigma, often veering towards contempt for smokers, regarding lung cancer created by years of relentless propaganda induces many of the interviewed to lie about whether they smoked in the past. In order to hide what they believe is the "real" cause of their disease, they represent themselves as nonsmokers and they explain their disease with exposure to passive smoke. This form of lie/error is called misclassification.

The binomial smoking/lung cancer has become the ideological/emotional/political basis of a way of thinking that is unchangeable and unarguable (perhaps just because it is not demonstrable!) of anti-smoking "science", thus the absolute postulation of studies and politics. Furthermore, it has been deeply lodged in our culture. But studies by definition should not have cultural, ideological, emotional or political bases if they were truly scientific. Today, however, these "studies" do not intend to establish whether passive smoke is damaging - as that has become a false notion taken for granted. Their purpose is just to establish how much passive smoke is dangerous. One therefore can easily imagine the bias when the interviewers solicit the desired answers, when they reduce to numbers the answers of the subjects, and finally when the researchers interpret the results.

Often (too often) those who finance the studies are entities that have a strong political and economic interest that the studies produce the "right" results, namely condemning smoking as much as possible. It has reached the point where scientific journals, strongly influenced by pharmaceutical giants having an obvious anti-smoking interest, refuse to publish studies that are financed by the the tobacco industry. This is to prevent the circulation of information that could be contrary to the prescriptions of the social engineering that must be implemented. Furthermore those researchers and the scientific journals that do produce and publish the "wrong" results are burned at the stake of public opinion, as was the case of Enstrom and Kabat and of the British Medical Journal for their study Environmental tobacco smoke and tobacco related mortality in a prospective study of Californians, 1960-98. That enormous study, which lasted 40 years and examined 118,000 subjects, demonstrated conclusively that the "dangers" of passive cannot be measured. Nearly the entire cost of the study, several million dollars, was funded by the California Dept. of Health and Human Services and the American Cancer Society. When it became clear that the conclusions reached by the study would not have produced the desired anti-smoking result, the original donors abruptly cut off the funding. Needing $75,000 to compile the data and bring the study to a close, the two authors turned to the Center for Indoor Air Research, financed by the tobacco industry. Using the paltry tobacco financing as an excuse, ALL scientific journals refused to publish this important study, except the British Medical Journal, which was mercilessly castigated by anti-tobacco special interests.

ALL studies on passive smoke that compute risk and mortality invariably use this methodology to "measure" exposure to passive smoke. The questions may change a little, but not the system. With this methodology passive smoke has been statistically associated to all kinds of disease and not just lung cancer: cardiovascular disease; childhood tooth cavities; autism; a large number of types of cancer; gum recession; pneumonia; bronchitis; SIDS; leukemia; estrogen imbalances; otitis; colitis; psychiatric problems; and so on ad infinitum - the more the merrier.

In this social, mental and emotional context to the patient or his survivors the following questions are posed. In the tables and in blue are our comments.

Download the original version of the IARC/World Heath Organization questionnaire in PDF

Questionnaire on occasional smoking and
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
(Page 1)

Tobacco smoking

Did you ever smoke for longer than year?

Yes... 1; No... 2

1 or more cigarettes/day
or half a pack of cigarettes/week
or 2 or more packs/month
or 4 or more cigarillos/week
or 3 or more cigars/week
or 3 or more pipes/week

if YES to at least one of the questions, go to "Active smoking" section.
if NO, continue with the next question

Did you ever try to smoke

YES...

NO...

Have you ever smoked cigarettes, cigar or pipe, even very few occasionally during a social occasion and/or at a particular period of your life? YES... NO...

What did you smoke?				Frequency
If yes, from what age did you smoke occasionally?	Cigarettes		If during this period you smoked mainly the same brand, indicate the brand (otherwise skip)	Per day...............	1
	Filter......................	1		Per week.............	2
	Non filter...............	2		Per month...........	3
	Cigar.........................	3		Per year..............	4
	Pipe..........................	4		Per lifetime.........	5
	Cigarette & pipe.....	5

From	To		How many?
			.......................................
			.......................................
			.......................................

Did you inhale tobacco smoke?
	Not at all, only in the mouth.......................	1
	A little, just in the throat.............................	2
	Deeply into the lung..................................	3

Questionnaire on occasional smoking and
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
(Page 2)

ETS during childhood and until subject left parents' home

Going back to your childhood, I would like to know if you ever lived with any person who used to smoke in your presence. First of all, I would like to know whether your father or your mother used to smoke when you were a child.

Let's imagine we are children. How is it possible to remember things with sufficient precision to express memories with a number? Perform the following test: recount how many times a week, when you were 10 years old, you were eating vegetables (equivalent to how much Dad and Mom were smoking) and also which vegetables (equivalent to cigarettes, cigars and pipes). Never mind remembering what we ate one week ago!

If the subject is aware that one or both parents smoked since his/her birth, starting age = 0

	What did he/she smoke?		Did he/she smoke in your presence?

	Cigarettes.......................	1	Every day.........................	1
	Cigars..............................	2	Almost every day (5-6 days/week)...............	2
	Pipe..................................	3	2-4 days/week..................	3
	Cigarettes & pipe............	4	Rarely.................................	4
	Don't remember...............	8	Never...................................	5
	Non-smoker......................	9
Relationship					From age	To age

Father
Mother

Please note that the numbers to which the questions above are reduced (as are all the questions in this questionnaire) are considered EXACT representations of reality without margins of error, while actually they can be nothing but illusory conjectures.

Now I would like to know about any other person who lived in your home or with whom you lived for longer than six months or who was a very regular visitor to your home, who used to smoke in your presence (brother, sister, other relatives, friends, visitors, etc....).

...................................
...................................
...................................

In our examples of vegetables above, now try to remember what you were eating, let's say 30 years ago, when a friend came to visit.

I would like you to try to remember how long you used to spend in a smoky room (outside the home, including school but excluding the workplace and vehicles).

					Would you say that the room was usually:
			Frequency		Very smoky.......................................................... (you could see clouds of smoke in the air)	1
From age	To age	How many hours in a room with tobacco smoke?	Per day........................ Per week..................... Per month.....................	1 2 3	Fairly smoky........................................................ (you could see diffuse smoke in the air)	2
					A little smoky....................................................... (you could only smell the smoke)	3

From the table above it is possible to see the vagueness of the questions (very smoky, fairly smoky...) and thus the vagueness of the resulting answers. It's undeniable that when we try to recollect memories, precision is impossible. These studies, however, are called SCIENTIFIC and the answers are then transformed into fully quantified deaths, types of disease and precise social costs. Please also note that the data collected in this manner are then consolidated in ONE SINGLE RISK VALUE, without any mention of the vast margin of error which is inevitable in the original answers!

At what age did you leave your parents' home? (still living there = 99)

Questionnaire on occasional smoking and
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
(Page 3)

ETS from the spouse
the person with whom the subject lives/lived in a marital type relationship.

Are you or have you ever been married or living with someone in a marital type relationship?
Yes... 1; No... 2

If the subject has been married more than once, start with the first marriage and add additional lines for the subsequent marriages.

Did your first spouse ever smoke? Yes... 1; No... 2

If NO, go to next spouse or next page.

Starting with your marriage (or the time you lived in marital status), I would like to know how much and how often you were exposed to his/her tobacco smoke at home, in vehicles or anywhere else indoors. I would also like to know whether the smoking habits of your spouse ever changed.

Two types of changes need probing:

Change in spouse smoking habits: Type of product amount smoked, change to non filter/filter.
Change in subject's exposure to spouse: Moving house, spouse away from home.

Use more than one line when spouse smoked more than one tobacco product in the same period.
Start on first line with subject's age when he/she was first exposed.

				Did he/she smoke in your presence?				For how many hours/day were you exposed to tobacco smoke from your spouse on average?
				Did he/she smoke in your presence?		How many cigarettes (cigars, pipes) did he/she smoke in your presence on average?
		What did he/she smoke?
			How many cigarettes (cigars, pipes) did he/she smoke in your presence on average?	Every day.................	1
		Cigarettes.................1		Almost every day .... (5-6 days/week)	2
Period		Cigars.......................2		2-4 days/week ........	3
		Pipe..........................3		Rarely.......................	4
From age (years)	To age (years)	Cigarettes & Pipe...4		Never.......................	5	Weekdays	Holidays weekends	Weekdays	Holidays weekends

The comments stated before apply to the table above. But this time we see the addition of distinction between weekdays and weekends!

Questionnaire on occasional smoking and
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
(Page 4)

ETS from other cohabitants
Smokers who lived with you in the same house or visited your house regularly, other than your spouse.

Use more than one line for subjects who smoked more than one tobacco product in the same period.

Did he/she smoke in your presence?

For how many hours/day were you exposed to tobacco smoke from him/her on average

How many cigarettes (cigars, pipes) did he/she smoke in your presence on average?

What did he/she smoke?

Every day.................... 1

Cigarettes................. 1 Almost every day.........
(5-6 days/week) 2

Period Cigars........................ 2 2-4 days/week ........... 3

Pipe............................ 3 Rarely.......................... 4

From
age
(years) To
age
(years) Cigarettes & pipe..... 4 Never........................... 5 Weekdays Holidays
Weekends Weekdays Holidays
Weekends

THE PIRATES OF EVIDENCE. The most appalling aspect about these questions is that those who construct and use them define these "measurement" instruments, as if they were spectroscopes, chromatographers or nephelometers! The virtual instruments then spit out meaningless figures that are distributed worldwide as scientifically valid. Those who make such statements are ministers of health, the pinnacle of world public health, press, anti-cancer associations, anti-smoking activists, doctors and other "luminaries". Perhaps the most troubling point is that there are those who, in good faith and due to incompetence, believe they have reliable data! But let's reassure ourselves: the vast majority of those who state that "passive smoke kills XX people per year" are just simple con men.

Questionnaire on occasional smoking and
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
(Page 5)

ETS in vehicles

Have you ever (lifetime) traveled daily or at least a couple of times per week by car, train, bus or another enclosed vehicle which was smoky (or where you could at least smell tobacco smoke) most of the time? Yes... 1; No... 2

If NO, go to the next page
If YES, please state from what age to what age, on which type of vehicle and for how many hours per day or per week you were exposed to tobacco smoke.

Type of vehicle

How many hours per day or week were you in this vehicle while you were exposed to smoke?

Car.............................. 1

Period Train............................ 2

Bus/Tram..................... 3
Would you say that the vehicle was usually:

From
age
(years) To
age
(years) Other (specify)........ 4 Per day Per week

Very smoky.................
Fairly smoky......
A little smoky................ 1
2
3

..........................

..........................

..........................

..........................

..........................

..........................

..........................

..........................

..........................

..........................

Exposure already covered, e.g. occupational and from spouse should be excluded. Exposure during daily commuting to work should be reported in this section.

Here the "measuring instruments" become even more grotesque. How is it possible to remember how many hours one has been in a vehicle throughout the decades in the first place? And what about exposure? In automobiles and buses, for example, doors are often opened and windows lowered; additionally, the air is artificially circulated (air-conditioning/heater). Circulating the air often "sucks in" the emissions of surrounding vehicles. Here more than anywhere else the "fairly smoky" and the "a little smoky" can make one laugh - or cry. But even these "data" will be transformed into exact and unchangeable numbers to be computed with the huge formulas discussed below.

Questionnaire on occasional smoking and
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
(Page 6)

ETS indoors
In places other than the home, work premises or vehicles e.g., restaurants, bars, pubs, cinemas, theatres, friends' homes, etc.

I would like to know if you have ever spent regularly (at least once a week) some time in a smoky place (or where you could at least smell tobacco smoke) indoors other than at home or at work. Yes... 1; No... 2
If NO, go to next page

	Period
			How many hours per week were you exposed to tobacco smoke in this place?	Would you say that the place was usually:
Specify where exposure took place	From age (years)	To age (years)		Very smoky................. Fairly smoky................ A little smoky...............	1 2 3

............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................

The odor of smoke can be a useful instrument to those who have made a profession of instigating hysteria and fears but what usefulness can it have as a measurement unit to calculate mortality and disease? The Encyclopaedia Britannica tells us that human nose can be stimulated by a density of one 400 millionth of a milligram diluted in one liter of air, but what does that mean in terms of danger, disease and mortality? However, in the pseudo-scientific circuses of contemporary "public health", the smell of smoke itself becomes the statistical factor that contributes to the notion "smoking kills." From this purely paranoid concept there is an anti-smoking "proverb" that goes like this: "If you can smell it, it can kill you".

Questionnaire on occasional smoking and
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
(Page 7)

ETS at the workplace

I would like to know if you ever worked in an indoor place where you were exposed to tobacco smoke. Yes... 1; No... 2

If NO, go to next page.
If YES, fill in one line for each job in which the subject was exposed to ETS.



	Exposure to ETS		Would you say that the place was usually:		How many hours/day on average were you exposed to tobacco smoke at work, including time spent at the canteen or during breaks?	How many days per week were you exposed to tobacco smoke at work?	Approximately how large was the room?
Job number (refer to job history)	From age (years)	To age (years)	Very smoky................. Fairly smoky................ A little smoky..............	1 2 3			Small (under 40m²)............... Medium (40-80m²)................ Large (80-200m²)................. Very large (>200m²)................	1 2 3 4

...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............

The vagueness of the questions continues even concerning the exposure of passive smoking on the job. How many people smoked? What kind of air circulation? What other sources of smoke and dust? Never mind...

Questionnaire on occasional smoking and
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
(Page 8)

Residential history

I would like to know about all houses/residences where you lived for longer than two years, starting with the home where you were born.

					What is/was the principal means of cooking?		What is/was the principal means of heating? (no more than 2 methods for each residence)
				In your opinion, is/was in a rural or urban area?
					Gas..................... Electricity............ Coal stove.......... Wood stove........ Other (specify.)...	1 2 3 4 5	Central heating *............ Gas stove or similar...... Wood stove.................... Coal stove...................... Kerosene or other fuel.. Other (specify).................	1 2 3 4 5 6
				Rural.........1 Urban........2
From age (years)	From age (years)	Town, village	Country (if abroad, the country)

		.........................	......................		...........................		......................
		.........................	......................		...........................		......................
		.........................	......................		...........................		......................
		.........................	......................		...........................		......................
		.........................	......................		...........................		......................
		.........................	......................		...........................		......................
		.........................	......................		...........................		......................
		.........................	......................		...........................		......................
		.........................	......................		...........................		......................
		.........................	......................		...........................		......................

* Central heating: a system for which there is no combustion unit in the living or sleeping area of the house

WEIGHTS

And here come the "weights" (correction factors) of the memories! The standard measure for passive smoke emission is the cigarette. As you can see below the cigar and the pipe are worth 3 cigarettes since they have a value of 3 (but why 3?). But the interesting part is coming up now. If we look at the [cigars & pipe] their combined value becomes 4 through God knows what arithmetical manipulation. The situation becomes even more interesting when we combine [cigarettes & cigars & cigarillos] respectively carrying a value of 1, 3 and 2 which magically becomes 1! Ditto for [cigarettes & cigars & pipes & cigarillos]. Since it is impossible to know the proportions of what was smoked, attempting to reach an average should result in [cigarettes & cigars & cigarillos] = 2, and [cigarettes & cigars & pipes & cigarillos] = 2.25 - not 1! But since we've accepted memories and numerology, why should we split hairs with elementary arithmetic? Let's make it an act of faith on the mysteries of "science", and let's accept the obviously arbitrary incompetence of the "experts"!

Tobacco product (WT1)

Cigarette	= 1
Cigarette, filter	= 1
Cigarette, non filter	= 1
Cigar	= 3
Pipe	= 3
Cigarette & pipe	= 1
Cigarette & cigar	= 1
Cigar & pipe	= 4
Cigarette & cigar & pipe	= 1
Cigarillo	= 2
Cigarette & cigarillo	= 1
Pipe & cigarillo	= 4
Cigar & cigarillo	= 3
Pipe & cigar & cigarillo	= 4
Cigarette & cigar & cigarillo	= 1
Cigarette & pipe & cigarillo	= 1
Cigarette & cigar & pipe & cigarillo	= 1

Cigarettes consumption frequency (WT2)

Every day	= 1
5-6 days/week	0.75
2-4 days/week	0.5
Rarely	0.1

Level of smokyness (WT3)

Very smoky	= 1
Fairly smoky	= 0.5
A little smoky	= 0.2

Consumption frequency (WT4)

Per day	= 365
Per week	= 52
Per month	= 12
Per year	= 1

Smoker equivalents (WTSE)

Each single relative (Father, mother, other)	= 1

Smoking parent equivalents (WTSPE)

Mother	= 1
Father	= 0.75
Other relatives	= 0.25

Finally we are ready to enter the numerical trash of the questionnaire above into a computer, which will magically transform the "fairly smoking" and "almost every day" of Uncle Joe and Grandma Smith into a "precise" risk factor, which in turn will be transformed into number of deaths. The mortality issue causes tremors for the politicians of the world because it is thundered by the highest health authorities of the planet and by the appropriate marionettes in the ministries of health, which have the duty of spreading the epidemiological fraud locally, and of convincing the citizens that this is science.

It goes without saying that the big formulas below are used (by the computer) for the risk computation. The formulas, of course, are exact and extremely simple (basic arithmetic), even if they look impressive thanks to the exotic symbology. But don't worry. You don't have to understand them anyway because they are, for all intents and purposes, useless - considering the data entered into them! The first rule of any analysis is "garbage in / garbage out". Indeed the so-called researchers have a difficult job: get some assistant to enter the data in a computer, then press the "enter" key - et voilá! - after about 500 nanoseconds risk and mortality pop on the screen including the equally useless statistical significance - useless because of the nature of the primary data.

One could at least count on the results being consistent. No way. The results for the vast majority of these studies are statistically insignificant, thus it cannot be determined whether passive smoke hurts or does good. A minority of them hypothesizes that passive smoke is bad for you while another one hypothesizes that passive smoke is good for you. Which to believe? The whole thing becomes propaganda, misinformation and pharmaceutical marketing. That is why it is useless to argue about who conducted the studies, who paid for the studies, the size of the studies, the authority that speaks of them and the results. Once again, remember the basic rule: garbage in / garbage out.

There is no need to wonder why the health authorities and anti-smoking activists throughout the world firmly refuse to debate the science publicly and speak with great arrogance about their exclusive prerogative to know a science which is as convoluted as it is meaningless. Given what you have seen, what would you do in their place?

CALCULATION FORMULAS